下運(yun)帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)輸送機(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種應用廣泛(fan)的(de)帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)輸送機(ji)(ji)，為了保證物料的(de)安全(quan)(quan)運(yun)輸，需要配備安全(quan)(quan)、可靠(kao)的(de)制(zhi)動(dong)系(xi)統。本文將詳細介(jie)紹幾種常用的(de)下運(yun)帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)輸送機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)系(xi)統。

1）阻尼托(tuo)輥或阻尼板(ban)

阻尼(ni)托輥(gun)與輸送帶底面的(de)阻尼(ni)力來抵消下(xia)(xia)運(yun)時(shi)產生的(de)下(xia)(xia)滑力，對輸送帶損壞較大，一般(ban)用于下(xia)(xia)運(yun)傾角不大于16°的(de)場(chang)合。

2）液力制動

液(ye)力制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)又稱(cheng)液(ye)力減(jian)速(su)器，渦輪(lun)固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器箱體(ti)上，泵輪(lun)通過(guo)減(jian)速(su)器與滾(gun)筒輸(shu)出軸相連，渦輪(lun)對(dui)泵輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的液(ye)流產生大的制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力矩，以實現對(dui)輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)(ji)的速(su)度控(kong)制。當輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)(ji)轉速(su)較低時(shi)，制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力矩下降快，不能起到定(ding)車作用，必須與機(ji)(ji)械(xie)摩擦(ca)式制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器配合進(jin)行二級制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，結(jie)構復雜。

3）液壓制動

液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)是將容積式液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)連接在減速(su)(su)器高速(su)(su)軸上(shang)，用軸向柱(zhu)塞泵(beng)(beng)和(he)節流原件(jian)，通過調(diao)節液(ye)(ye)體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力調(diao)節制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)力。其(qi)優點是制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)力矩可(ke)調(diao)，正(zheng)比于調(diao)定壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力，與負載(zai)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)無關，低速(su)(su)時也有(you)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)作用，可(ke)將轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)到零，散(san)熱性好，可(ke)有(you)效實(shi)現從空載(zai)到重載(zai)各種條件(jian)下平穩且及時的(de)(de)軟制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)。缺點是因高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)柱(zhu)塞泵(beng)(beng)容易磨(mo)損和(he)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)污(wu)染，一定程度上(shang)限制(zhi)了(le)它的(de)(de)使用。代表產品是YZQ系列液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器。

4）盤式可控軟制動(dong)系(xi)統

盤式可控軟制動系統是彈(dan)簧施閘(zha)—液(ye)壓釋放型的常閉式結(jie)構，靠制動盤與閘(zha)瓦之間(jian)的摩擦力來(lai)實現(xian)制動。其結(jie)構簡單，工作可靠，目前被廣(guang)泛應用。

5）CSB可(ke)控制動系統

CSB可(ke)控制(zhi)(zhi)動裝置(zhi)是液體(ti)黏性調速器與行星傳動相結合的(de)國(guo)外進口設(she)備，專(zhuan)用(yong)于(yu)下運(yun)帶(dai)式(shi)輸送機。該設(she)備是一種具有自動保險(xian)功(gong)能的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動器，可(ke)根據計(ji)算機計(ji)算的(de)實時(shi)壓力數據調整制(zhi)(zhi)動力，安全(quan)可(ke)靠性好，但價格昂貴。

6）大功率強力下運帶式輸送機(ji)的制動系統

對(dui)于(yu)大功率強(qiang)力(li)下運帶式(shi)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)，有三種(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)形式(shi)：①尾部(bu)(bu)加中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)轉載(zai)式(shi)多(duo)點(dian)分散制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)方式(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)點(dian)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)數量多(duo)，降低(di)了(le)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)帶較大張力(li)，對(dui)PLC集中(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求高；②中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)多(duo)點(dian)線摩擦(ca)(ca)輔機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)，通過摩擦(ca)(ca)輔機(ji)與主(zhu)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)帶之間的(de)(de)(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)力(li)產生(sheng)分散的(de)(de)(de)沿線制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)，對(dui)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)帶磨損大，輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)帶受(shou)力(li)及制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)慣(guan)性力(li)比較低(di)；③在輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)機(ji)全程(cheng)承載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)托輥(gun)(gun)(gun)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間水(shui)平輥(gun)(gun)(gun)采(cai)用可控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)托輥(gun)(gun)(gun)，系統復雜(za)。